Os Desafios da Política de Museus em Tempos de Crise

Para ler o artigo "Os desafios da política de museus em tempos de crise" vá a http://www.icom-portugal.org/multimedia/Os%20desafios%20da%20pol%C3%83%C2%ADtica%20de%20museus%20em%20tempos%20de%20crise.pdf . Para ler o comunidado do ICOM sobre a Administração Pública da Cultura e os Museus vá a http://www.icom-portugal.org/documentos_outros,129,349,detalhe.aspx

Opening the Door to the Entire Community. How Museums are using Permanent Collections to Engage Audiences

Summary:
Museums can better serve their communities and attract a more diverse mix of visitors by using their permanent collections more creatively. This Wallace-commissioned report, the first in a three-part series, shows how careful research and informed strategic planning helped several museums to reframe their permanent collections, launch innovative programming and take an active role in issues that affect their audiences’ neighborhoods.

Published: November 1998, 37 pages

Publishing Organization: The Wallace Foundation

Document Type: Report

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Services to People: Challenges and Rewards. How Museums Can Become More Visitor-Centered

Summary:
This Wallace-commissioned report, the last in a series of three, explains how museums can provide a welcoming, satisfying environment that attracts large numbers of visitors without compromising high standards of presentation and scholarship. It examines how museums have reorganized operations or created new departments, trained staff to interact with people, upgraded ticket and admission services, improved training and used audience research to make themselves desirable places for first-time and return visits.

Published: April 2001, 67 pages

Publishing Organization: The Wallace Foundation

Document Type: Report

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Engaging the Entire Community: A New Role for Permanent Collections

Summary:
Museums may be able to increase their audiences if they respond to their communities through new activities and innovative programs. This Wallace-commissioned report, the second in a three-part series, profiles four museums that augmented their permanent collections with pioneering outreach efforts — such as teen councils, local business partnerships and public art projects — to attract new regular visitors. Such strategies can help museums increase satisfaction among their staff and the public, enhance their offerings and cultivate donor support.


Published: February 1999, 33 pages

Publishing Organization: The Wallace Foundation

Document Type: Report

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Tecnologias de informação voltadas para pessoas com deficiência visual - Daniela Ragazzi dos Santos

TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO VOLTADAS PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL

Museus para todos - Josélia Neves

NEVES_2006_Museus Para Todos

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol

O texto que se segue é uma pequena síntese da "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol", para ter acesso à informação completa deverá consultar: www.un.org/disabilities ou www.ohchr.org

Why a Convention?A response to an overlooked development challenge: approximately 10% of the world’s population are persons with disabilities (over 650 million persons). Approximately 80% of whom live in developing countries
 A response to the fact that although pre-existing human rights conventions offer considerable potential to promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, this potential was not being tapped. Persons with disabilities continued being denied their human rights and were kept on the margins of society in all parts of the world. The Convention sets out the legal obligations on States to promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities. It does not create new rights.

Purpose of Convention (Article 1)To promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity
What is unique about the Convention?Both a development and a human rights instrument
 A policy instrument which is cross-disability and cross-sectoral
 Legally bindingA Paradigm ShiftThe Convention marks a ‘paradigm shift’ in attitudes and approaches to persons with disabilities.
 Persons with disabilities are not viewed as "objects" of charity, medical treatment and social protection; rather as "subjects" with rights, who are capable of claiming those rights and making decisions for their lives based on their free and informed consent as well as being active members of society. The Convention gives universal recognition to the dignity of persons with disabilities.

What is Disability? The Convention does not explicitly define disability
 Preamble of Convention states:
 ‘Disability is an evolving concept, and that disability results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others’Article 1 of the Convention states:
 ‘Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others’.
 Disability results from an interaction between a non-inclusive society and individuals:
 Person using a wheelchair might have difficulties gaining employment not because of the wheelchair, but because there are environmental barriers such as inaccessible buses or staircases which impede access
 Person with extreme near-sightedness who does not have access to corrective lenses may not be able to perform daily tasks. This same person with prescription eyeglasses would be able to perform all tasks without problems.

Convention Terminology
YES: ‘persons with disabilities’
NO: ‘handicapped’ / ‘physically or mentally challenged’
 Note: Preferences for terminology among persons with disabilities and among geographic regions may vary. The individual wishes of persons with disabilities should be respected as much as possible.

General Principles (Article 3)Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence of persons
 Non-discrimination
 Full and effective participation and inclusion in society
 Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity and humanity
 Equality of opportunity
 Accessibility
 Equality between men and women
 Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities General

Principles: Participation and InclusionParticipation is important to correctly identify specific needs, and to empower the individual
 Full and effective participation and inclusion in society is recognized in the Convention as:
 A general principle (article 3)
 A general obligation (article 4)
 A right (articles 29 and 30)

General Principles: Non-discriminationFundamental principle of international human rights law
 Includes direct and indirect discrimination
 reasonable accommodation must be made for persons with disabilities
 reasonable accommodation: ‘necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms’

General Principles: AccessibilityImportant as a means to empowerment and inclusion
 Both a general principle and a stand-alone article (article 9)
 Access must be ensured to:
 Justice (article 13)
 Living independently and being included in the community (article 19)
 Information and communication services (article 21)
 Education (article 24)
 Health (article 25)
 Habilitation and rehabilitation (article 26)
 Work and employment (article 27) - human resource policies and practices
 Adequate standard of living and social protection (article 28)
 Participation in political and social life (article 29)
 Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport (article 30)


International Cooperation (Article 32)
 International cooperation, including international development programmes should be inclusive of, and accessible to, persons with disabilities
 Focus is on mainstreaming disability into all development activities, though disability specific measures may be necessary to ‘accelerate or achieve de facto equality of persons with disabilities'. (Article 5)
 Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved if persons with disabilities are not included

Protecting and Promoting Human Rights with Limited Resources
 International human rights law recognizes the limitations on resources
 Limitations on resources is not an excuse to delay implementation
 Limited resources have to be prioritized according to reasonable and objective criteria and funding must be proportional
 Strategies for effective use of limited resources:
 Target low-cost programmes
 Target people in the most marginalized situations
 Be non-discriminatory
 Draw on international cooperation
 Include persons with disabilities in all stages

How accessible are the activities of my organization?
 Every aspect of an organization’s activities must be analyzed to ensure accessibility and inclusion. A few examples:
 Do we require our partners/grantees to have policies and practices in place to ensure inclusion of persons with disabilities?
 Do we collect data on the number of persons with disabilities which benefit from our development activities?
 Do we design our development projects and programmes to ensure that persons with disabilities can participate and benefit?
 And many others…

How accessible is my organization?
 A thorough analysis of every aspect of an organization must be is necessary to ensure accessibility and inclusion. Just a few examples:Are our human resource policies and practices accessible?
 Do we have policies ensuring that the recruitment process is accessible to persons with different disabilities?
 Do we have policies and resources which ensure that provision of reasonable accommodation, allowing persons with disabilities to work in our organization?
 Are our information and communication systems accessible?
 Is our website accessible?
 Is sign language interpretation available?
 Are documents available in Braille?
 Are our physical facilities accessible?
 Are our buildings, office spaces, facilities accessible?

Monitoring and Implementation
All activities must include the participation of persons with disabilities: ‘Nothing about us without us’

Conclusion
 The challenge of implementing the Convention is now!
 Need for training, capacity building, awareness raising, good practices collection and validation, knowledge management
 Need to mainstream disability in all development activities
 Need for implementation of Convention principles in the internal operations of organizations
 Need to include persons with disabilities in all stages of implementation, and build capacity of organizations of persons with disabilities to do so

A Arte e as Novas Tecnologias

Encontrei este pequeno artigo que me despertou o interesse e decidi partilhar convosco:

A arte e as novas tecnologias

Se tivéssemos que escolher duas maneiras para destacar Portugal de outros países, uma delas seria pelos descobrimentos aonde cruzámos os Oceanos com as nossas caravelas de uma maneira corajosa, a outra será pelos seus grandes eventos como a Expo98, Euro2004, Porto Capital Europeia da Cultura, entre outros, onde se esbanjou dinheiro sem olhar a meios.

Depois de enumerar alguns gastos de Euros que bem contabilizados iriam para o livro de recordes do Guinness esperamos então viver num país dos mais desenvolvidos do mundo aonde a igualdades de direitos é para todos, bem como o acesso à cultura.

Infelizmente esta não é a realidade, apenas 20 dos 120 museus portugueses "têm projectos em curso" para pessoas com deficiência , tais como exposições complementadas com audioguias ou escritos em Braille, instalações com rampas ou elevadores e materiais pedagógicos específicos , afirmou o IPM (Instituto Português de Museus).

Mas a acessibilidade aos museus Portugueses deve começar pelo seu exterior, mais propriamente pelos acessos, transportes públicos que devem ser todos acessíveis; via pública e por fim o seu espaço circundante; agora no que diz respeito a facilitar o acesso ao interior, de uma pessoa com mobilidade reduzida, devem estar equipados com elevadores ou então com plataformas elevatórias e para as pessoas invisuais todos os museus devem ter orientações colocadas no chão, bem como informações escritas em Braille, mas aqui as novas tecnologias podem ser uma grande valia com os “audioguias” que permitirão visitas explicadas e autónomas com o tempo ou ritmo gerido pelo próprio utilizador.

O “audioguia”, para não entrar em equipamentos específicos para tal, pode ser um equipamento completamente banal baseado no desenho universal como por exemplo um leitor de MP3 ou MP4 este último iria facilitar a descrição das peças às pessoas surdas porque já suporta a imagem o que permite a visualização da língua gestual.

Mas ainda, para uma perfeita actualização dos museus no seu interior as peças em exposição devem estar colocadas de forma a que um cidadão possa utilizar o tacto para melhor sentir o que está exposto, presumo que tal só será possível em museus recentes e em exposições que permitam o contacto entre a obra de arte e o homem.

Agora todo este equipamento suportado por um site de apoio que permitisse o acesso em qualquer lugar do mundo e a qualquer pessoa e que fosse unicamente direccionado para esta temática podíamos saber que transporte usar, que percurso utilizar, o que está exposto e por fim que material/equipamento tinha para usufruir de uma mobilidade perfeita nos museus Portugueses.

Tudo o que acima referi também se aplica às salas de espectáculos (teatro e cinema), embora neste caso não existam dados concretos em relação ao número de salas acessíveis.

Todos nós sabemos que cinemas e teatros estão longe de cumprir o Decreto-Lei 163/06, artº 2º nº2 alínea m) no que concerne ao âmbito de aplicação das normas técnicas de acessibilidade dos museus, teatros, cinemas, salas de congressos e conferências e bibliotecas públicas, bem como outros edifícios ou instalações destinados a actividades recreativas e sócio-culturais. E nos casos em que existe alguns locais acessíveis, estes não se encontram bem colocados. Normalmente situam-se em locais que não permitem uma perfeita visualização ou audição do espectáculo em exibição.

Convém ainda referir que neste tipo de eventos as novas tecnologias podem ser utilizadas de forma eficaz, mais propriamente com a audiodescrição, que propriamente dita consiste na descrição da envolvência do palco e restantes elementos em exibição, sendo toda esta informação fornecida através de auscultadores sem fios. Para que todos os cidadãos sintam o prazer do espectáculo.

Infelizmente vamos indicar uma das últimas grandes construções que representa o expoente máximo da descriminação social na arte em Portugal que é a “A Casa da Música”, a sua entrada não foi construída a pensar na diversidade humana, começando aí a descriminação, pois nem todos podem entrar pela escadaria principal, de facto tem um elevador lateral que mais não é do que uma forma de camuflar a gravíssima falha de acessibilidade. Esta é uma prova provada de que há uma entrada para uns e outra para outros. E é este o edifício que irá representar Portugal na área das artes por muitos e longos anos podendo ao mesmo tempo tornar-se uma vergonha nacional na área da acessibilidade.

Nesta sociedade contemporânea cada vez mais bem informada e consequentemente mais exigente obriga-nos a olhar para tudo e para todos para que possamos ter visitas autónomas nos museus e salas de espectáculos.


Fonte: http://www.euroacessibilidade.com/acessibilidade07.htm